{"id":10362,"date":"2024-08-27T12:39:26","date_gmt":"2024-08-27T16:39:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/2mdopinion.com\/?p=10362"},"modified":"2025-09-22T20:07:27","modified_gmt":"2025-09-23T00:07:27","slug":"prostate-cancer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/2mdopinion.com\/ca\/prostate-cancer\/","title":{"rendered":"Prostate Cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Page Contents:<\/strong><\/h5>
1. What is prostate cancer?<\/a>
2. Types of prostate cancer<\/a>
3. Symptoms and Causes<\/a>
4. Diagnosis<\/a>
5. Management and Treatment<\/a><\/h5>
6. Living with<\/a><\/h5>
7. Prevention<\/a>
8. When to see a doctor<\/a>
9. Sources and references<\/a><\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. It often grows very slowly. If it does not spread to other parts of the body, it may not cause serious problems. But sometimes prostate cancer can grow quickly and spread to other parts of the body. This kind of prostate cancer is serious.<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

What is prostate cancer?<\/h2>

Prostate cancer is cancer that starts in the prostate gland. The prostate gland is found at the base of the bladder and is about the size of a walnut.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
Prostate cancer begins when cells in the prostate gland start to grow out of control. The prostate is a gland found only in males. It makes some of the fluid that is part of semen.<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Types of prostate cancer<\/h2>

Almost all prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas. These cancers develop from the gland cells in the prostate (the cells that make the prostate fluid that is added to the semen).<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
Other types of cancer that can start in the prostate include:<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
-Small cell carcinoma (small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma)
-Other neuroendocrine tumors (including large cell carcinoma)
-Transitional cell carcinoma
-Sarcomas<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
These other types of cancer are rare. If you are told you have prostate cancer, it is very likely to be an adenocarcinoma.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
Some prostate cancers can grow and spread quickly, but most tend to grow slowly.<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Symptoms<\/h2>

Early-stage prostate cancer rarely causes symptoms. These issues may occur as the disease progresses:<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/div>
-Frequent, sometimes urgent, need to pee, especially at night.
-Weak urine flow or flow that starts and stops.
-Pain or burning when you pee (dysuria).
-Loss of bladder control (urinary incontinence).
-Loss of bowel control (fecal incontinence).
-Painful ejaculation and erectile dysfunction (ED).
-Blood in semen (hematospermia) or pee.
-Pain in your low back, hip or chest.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/div>

Causes<\/b><\/h2>
Researchers don\u2019t know for sure what causes prostate cancer. They do know that it happens when there are changes in the genetic material (DNA).<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
Sometimes these genetic changes are inherited, meaning that you are born with them. There are also certain genetic changes that happen during your lifetime that can raise your risk of prostate cancer. But often the exact cause of these genetic changes is unknown.<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Diagnosis<\/h2>

There\u2019s no single test for prostate cancer.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
All the tests used to help diagnose the condition have benefits and risks that your doctor should discuss with you.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
The most commonly used tests for prostate cancer are:<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/div>
-blood tests
-a physical examination of your prostate (known as a digital rectal examination, or DRE)
-an MRI scan
-a biopsy<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/div>

*PSA testing<\/b><\/h4>
\u00a0<\/div>
The blood test, called a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, measures the level of PSA and may help detect early prostate cancer.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
If you are over 50, you can ask a GP for a PSA test.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
PSA tests are not routinely used to screen for prostate cancer, as results can be unreliable.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
Your PSA level can also be raised by other, non-cancerous conditions.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
Raised PSA levels also cannot tell a doctor whether you have life-threatening prostate cancer or not.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
If you have a raised PSA level, you may be offered an MRI scan of the prostate to help doctors decide if you need further tests and treatment.<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Management and Treatment<\/h2>

Your treatment options usually depend on your age, your general health, and how serious the cancer is. Your treatment may include one or more of options:<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>

*Surveillance<\/b><\/h4>
\u00a0<\/b><\/div>
Your healthcare provider may monitor your condition instead of providing treatment if your cancer grows slowly and doesn\u2019t spread.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
\u2013Active surveillance:<\/u><\/b>\u00a0You get screenings, scans and biopsies every one to three years to monitor cancer growth. Active surveillance works best if the cancer grows slowly, is only in your prostate and isn\u2019t causing symptoms. If your condition worsens, your provider can start treatments.

<\/h5>
\u2013Watchful waiting:<\/u><\/b>\u00a0Watchful waiting is similar to active surveillance, but it\u2019s more commonly used for people who are frailer with cancer that likely won\u2019t go away with treatment. Also, testing is much less frequent. Instead of eliminating the tumor, treatments usually focus on managing symptoms.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>

*Surgery<\/b><\/h4>
\u00a0<\/b><\/div>
A radical prostatectomy removes a diseased prostate gland. It can often successfully eliminate prostate cancers that haven\u2019t spread. Your provider can recommend the best removal method if they believe you\u2019d benefit from this surgery.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/div>
\u2013Open radical prostatectomy:<\/u>\u00a0<\/b>Your provider makes a single cut (incision) into your abdomen \u2014 from your belly button to your pubic bone \u2014 and removes your prostate gland. This technique isn\u2019t as common as less-invasive methods like robotic prostatectomy.

<\/h5>
\u2013Robotic radical prostatectomy:<\/u><\/b>\u00a0Robotic radical prostatectomy allows your provider to perform surgery through several tiny incisions. Instead of operating directly, they operate a robot system via a console.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>

*Radiation therapy<\/b><\/h4>
\u00a0<\/b><\/div>
You may receive radiation therapy as a standalone treatment for prostate cancer or in combination with other treatments. Radiation can also provide symptom relief.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/div>
\u2013Brachytherapy:<\/u><\/b>\u00a0A form of internal radiation therapy, brachytherapy involves placing radioactive seeds inside your prostate. This approach kills cancer cells while preserving surrounding healthy tissue.

<\/h5>
\u2013External beam radiation therapy:<\/u><\/b>\u00a0With external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), a machine delivers strong X-ray beams directly to the tumor. Specialized forms of EBRT, like IMRT, can direct high doses of radiation toward the tumor while sparing healthy tissue.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>

*Systemic therapies<\/b><\/h4>
\u00a0<\/b><\/div>
Your provider may recommend systemic therapies if cancer has spread outside your prostate gland. Systemic therapies send substances throughout your body to destroy cancer cells or prevent their growth.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
\u2013Hormone therapy:<\/u><\/b>\u00a0The hormone testosterone boosts cancer cell growth. Hormone therapy uses medications to combat testosterone\u2019s role in fueling cancer cell growth. The medicines work by preventing testosterone from reaching cancer cells or by reducing your testosterone levels. Alternatively, your provider may recommend surgery to remove your testicles (orchiectomy) so they can no longer make testosterone. This surgery is an option for people who don\u2019t want to take medications.

<\/b><\/h5>
\u2013Chemotherapy:<\/u><\/b>\u00a0Chemotherapy uses medicines to destroy cancer cells. You may receive chemotherapy alone or with hormone therapy if your cancer has spread beyond your prostate.

<\/h5>
\u2013Immunotherapy<\/u>:\u00a0<\/b>Immunotherapy strengthens your immune system so it\u2019s better able to identify and fight cancer cells. Your healthcare provider may recommend immunotherapy to treat advanced cancer or recurrent cancer (cancer that goes away but then returns).

<\/h5>
\u2013Targeted therapy:<\/u><\/b>\u00a0Targeted therapy zeroes in on the genetic changes (mutations) that turn healthy cells into cancer cells to prevent them from growing and multiplying. Targeted therapies that treat prostate cancer destroy cancer cells with BRCA gene mutations.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>

*Focal therapy<\/b><\/h4>
\u00a0<\/b><\/div>
Focal therapy is a newer form of treatment that destroys tumors inside your prostate. Your healthcare provider may recommend this treatment if the cancer is low-risk and hasn\u2019t spread. Many of these treatments are still considered experimental.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/div>
\u2013High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU):<\/u><\/b>\u00a0High-intensity sound waves generate powerful heat to kill cancer cells within your prostate.

<\/h5>
\u2013Cryotherapy:<\/u><\/b>\u00a0Cold gases freeze cancer cells in your prostate, eliminating the tumor.<\/h5>

\u2013Laser ablation:<\/u><\/b>\u00a0Intense heat directed at the tumor kills cancer cells within your prostate, destroying the tumor.

<\/h5>
\u2013Photodynamic therapy:<\/u><\/b>\u00a0Medications make cancer cells more sensitive to certain wavelengths of light. A healthcare provider exposes cancer cells to these light wavelengths, killing the cancer cells.<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Living with prostate cancer<\/h2>

As prostate cancer usually progresses very slowly, you can live for decades without symptoms or needing treatment.<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
Nevertheless, it can affect your life. As well as the possible side effects of treatment, a diagnosis of prostate cancer can understandably make you feel anxious or depressed.<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

prevention<\/h2>

Making healthy lifestyle changes may help to prevent some prostate cancers. These changes include:<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/div>
-Being at a healthy weight
-Quitting smoking
-Getting enough exercise
-Eating healthy foods<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

When to see a doctor<\/h2>

You should call your healthcare provider if you experience:<\/h5>
\u00a0<\/h5>
-Difficulty peeing.
-Peeing frequently (incontinence).
-Pain when you pee or have intercourse.
-Blood in your pee or semen.<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Sources and references<\/strong><\/h6>
\u00a0<\/strong><\/h6>
https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/types\/prostate-cancer\/about\/what-is-prostate-cancer.html
https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/prostate-cancer\/
https:\/\/cancer.org.au\/cancer-information\/types-of-cancer\/prostate-cancer
https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/prostatecancer.html
https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/8634-prostate-cancer
https:\/\/www.cancerresearchuk.org\/about-cancer\/prostate-cancer\/treatment<\/h6><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Page Contents: 1. What is prostate cancer?2. Types of prostate cancer3. Symptoms and Causes4. Diagnosis5. Management and Treatment 6. Living with 7. Prevention8. When to see a doctor9. Sources and references Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. It often grows very slowly. If it does not spread to other parts […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[127],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10362","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cancer"],"yoast_head":"\nProstate Cancer - 2MD Opinion - Canada<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/2mdopinion.com\/ca\/prostate-cancer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Prostate Cancer - 2MD Opinion - Canada\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Page Contents: 1. What is prostate cancer?2. Types of prostate cancer3. Symptoms and Causes4. Diagnosis5. Management and Treatment 6. 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